What is the logic model

What is the logic model

What is the logic model. The logical architecture is defined as the organization of the subsystems, software classes, and layers that make the complete logical system. The components are placed randomly in the system; that is why it is called logical architecture. The components can be deployed in physical computers and operating systems and can be used by the …29 ก.พ. 2555 ... A theory of change (ToC) describes how a project is expected to work. Project and BDC ToC is made explicit in an Outcome Logic Model (OLM).The model promotes strengthening communities by advancing local physical, economic, and social outcomes. Example 6: CDC Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Prevention Program Logic Model. Example 7: LHFA Logic Model / Framework. Example 8: Tenderloin Health Improvement Partnership Logic ModelMay 22, 2017 · Print. Download the Guide [PDF – 647 KB] Logic models are tools for planning, describing, managing, communicating, and evaluating a program or intervention. Logic models increase the likelihood that program efforts will be successful because they: Communicate the purpose of the program and expected results. Describe the actions expected to ... My search for clarity took me to the USA: The logic model is an approach developed by the Kellogg foundation broadly speaking it can be summarised in the following graphic: The Kellogg model of inputs to impact. This way of thinking is helpful because it separates the work from the results. For those of you working in the area of impact ...England, to provide support on logic modelling. This guide is split into two sections - theory and practical use. • The theory sections provides information about the background to logic modelling, its history, types and principles. • The practical section provides templates and tips to help you build your own logic model. Why use Logic Models? Cartesianism is the philosophical and scientific system of René Descartes and its subsequent development by other seventeenth century thinkers, most notably François Poullain de la Barre, Nicolas Malebranche and Baruch Spinoza. Descartes is often regarded as the first thinker to emphasize the use of reason to develop the natural sciences. For …Jan 1, 2001 · The Logic Model (LM), logical framework or log framework is a visual tool that gives individuals involved in a project a common understanding of the mission, vision and procedure through a ... •Logic Model/theory of change •Logic model •Budget •Performance Measures. Logic Model. What is a logic model? Communicates the inputs or resources that are necessary to deliver the intervention, including but not limited to: Number of locations or sites in which members will provide servicesA logic model is a map of your program. It is a simple, logical illustration of what you do, why you do it, and how you will know if you are successful. There is a wide variety of logic model formats, but most have the same key components. The elements of a logic model will become more apparent as you go through the logic model building process ...In simple terms, a logic model is a picture of your theory – a drawing that shows how one thing leads to the next, like a flow chart. A logic model uses short phrases to represent things that you explain in more detail in the program theory. Another key difference is that, while a logic model can just use an arrow• Pitfalls and “Tearless” logic model process . Basic Logic Model . Logic Model: PLS Example . Inputs and Resources. Activities: Outputs: Outcomes (1-3 years ... A logic model is a graphical representation of your program, from the resources (inputs) and activities that will take place, to the deliverables (outputs) and goals ( outcomes) that the program will produce.Logical thinking is thinking based on proven knowledge and information that is accurate and certain. Logical thinking is the basis of modern technology, and it is commonly referred to as left-brain thinking.A Logic Model would tell you that the after school program is an activity and improved reading scores is an outcome. It might tell you that attendance at the after school program is an intermediate outcome. A logic model is a graphic depiction (road map) that presents the shared relationships among the resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impact for your program. It depicts the relationship between your program’s activities and its intended effects.A logic model is a visual representation of your nonprofit's planned programming. It is a road map of how you and your team intend to achieve your desired outcomes using defined resources and strategies. Your nonprofit logic model also allows you to communicate your performance measurements specifically and clearly.Interpretation (logic) An interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language. Many formal languages used in mathematics, logic, and theoretical computer science are defined in solely syntactic terms, and as such do not have any meaning until they are given some interpretation. The general study of interpretations of ...The logic model draws a connection between input, output, outcome and impact for your organization. You find useful tools to create a logic model here. Creating a logic model can take place in two directions: From the impacts (results) to the inputs (resources used) and From the inputs (resources used) to the impacts (results).A logic model presents a picture of how your intervention or initiative is supposed to work. It explains why your strategy is a good solution to the problem at hand. Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes/ Impacts If Then Synonyms: Program(me) theory, Program(me) logic, Causal model, Results chain, Intervention logic, Theory of Change, Road map /Key Components of a Logic Model. 27 Outcomes are the measurable, meaningful, and expected changes in the participants that result from a program's activities. 27 Outcomes Short-Term Intermediate Long-Term Short-term outcomes generally focus on changes in attitude, awareness, or knowledge. These are theHowever, second-order logic does not have a model theory in the same sense as first order logic does. There is no Compactness Theorem to produce non-standard models. One reason why first order logic has such a rich model theory is that first order logic is relatively weak. Countable first order theories that have infinite models have …The following 5 steps, adapted and summarized from The Logic Model Guidebook, are to help you start building a program logic model. It is important to remember to think "if-then" at each step to connect the different elements of a logic model together; and be aware of your own and your team's assumptions at each step.The IF function allows you to make a logical comparison between a value and what you expect by testing for a condition and returning a result if True or False. =IF (Something is True, then do something, otherwise do something else) So an IF statement can have two results. The first result is if your comparison is True, the second if your ...The accuracy on a single left out test set of our model is 95%, which is the highest among all the different approaches. (A) paper 1. (B) paper 1 and 4. (C) paper 2 and 4. (D) paper 3. Q12. Increasing the regularizing coefficient value for a ridge regressor will: i) Increase or maintain model bias.Extension logic model format, are appropriate for beginning-level logic model users. At various points, more advanced concepts and materials are provided. These are highlighted with the notation: Level 2 It is assumed that participants have already engaged in strategic planning and/or spent time understanding the situation and setting ... mrs esphillip basketball Logic Models - United States Department of State. Home Resources for Programs and Grants Logic Models.In the world of program evaluation and impact assessment, a logic model is an essential tool for understanding, planning and communicating… 5 min read · Aug 2 Ecotone Analytics GBCA logic model is a visual representation of the relationships among the inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes of a program or intervention. It can be used to guide evaluation planning, implementation, and reporting by providing a framework for understanding the logic behind the program and how it is expected to produce results.A logic model is an organized and visual way to display your understanding of the relationships among the resources you have to operate your program, the activities you plan, and the changes or results you hope to achieve. Logic models are sometimes referred to as "road maps" for the organization. TheyA Logic Model…. Is a simplified picture of a program, initiative, or intervention that is a response to a given situation. Many people compare a logic model with a roadmap showing how you plan to reach your destination. Shows the logical relationships among the resources that are invested, the activities that take place, and the benefits or changes …dating back to Aristotle, was to model reasoning. In more recent times, this algebra, like many algebras, has proved useful as a design tool. For example, Chapter 13 shows how propositional logic can be used in computer circuit design. A third use of logic is as a data model for programming languages and systems, such as the language Prolog.Logic & assumptions. Evaluation of an adaptation activity requires a clear idea of what particular actions are expected to achieve. An effective evaluation needs to examine the thinking behind these objectives, and to look beyond them to capture any unexpected and unintended outcomes. A logic model is a graphical description of a planned ...The short answer is, logic models are visual graphics that show the shared relationships among inputs and outcomes. Inputs can be resources (i.e., time/money/space) and activities (i.e., what your project or product will do). Outcomes include outputs (physical things produced) and impact on the target audience.A1: Business Logic goes to Model part in MVC. Role of Model is to contain data and business logic. Controller on the other hand is responsible to receive user input and decide what to do. A2: A Business Rule is part of Business Logic. They have a has a relationship. Business Logic has Business Rules. My understanding is that model theory requires a distinction between a logical theory and a structure to interpret the statements of the theory. However, every piece of mathematics including every mathematical structure relies on some axiomatic system (formalized or naive). So any model itself is going to rest upon some theory.A "logical framework" or "log frame" is a natural extension of the logic model: it magnifies the logic model by integrating indicators and targets and the means for measuring progress [36, 37 ...According to Aaron Berg, VP of River Logic Strategy, the Digital Planning Twin, specifically within River Logic’s system, is distinguished by its meticulous cost modeling approach.In crafting a comprehensive plan for production volume, a key concern is predicting the resultant financial outcomes. This necessitates a detailed breakdown of …The logic model, theory of change, or intended impact model is used by social impact leaders internally to increase the effectiveness of their work, and externally to increase their accountability to stakeholders outside the organization. The logic model makes a set of claims about how the project will do its work that are consistent ... Introduction The Logic Model Development Guidecontains four chapters and two comprehensive appendices. Chapter 1presents a basic introduction to the logic model as an action-oriented tool for program planning and evaluation.It also offers an array of sample logic models. Chapter 2consists of exercises and examples focused on the development of a simple program logic The main distinction between a logic model and theory of change is that a logic model describes a logical sequence showing what the intervention’s intended outcomes are—If we provide X, the result will be Y—while a theory of change includes causal mechanisms to show why each intervention component is expected to result in the intended ...A logic model is a descriptive summary of your program theory. It lays out a series of steps showing how program inputs, activities, and outputs lead to outcomes. Why create a logic model? A logic model is both an evaluation tool and a communication tool. It can help you track progress toward outcomes, and can also help you describe your work ... A logic model is a conceptual tool for planning and evaluation which displays the sequence of actions that describes what the science-based program is and will do. A logic model: Clarifies the linkages between investments and activities, outputs and expected outcomes of the policy, program or initiative; Communicates externally about the ... A logic model is a tool that helps you plan, implement, and evaluate your volunteer program. It shows the link between your resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts. It can help you ... Logic models come in many shapes and forms, but most have four features: Inputs—the resources that go into a program (e.g., the staff, supplies, or number of volunteers); Activities—the services or programming provided (e.g., community gardens, cooking classes); Outputs—the direct results of an organization's activities (e.g., number of garden plots created, or the number of people who ...The two-generation logic model aims to show the pathways from activities to intended outcomes for a two-generation initiative, in which children, primary caregivers, and families can achieve interconnected goals. It describes the characteristics of the families served, the core services offered to each generation to support family economic ...Logic models are an excellent way to demonstrate a program’s mechanics and can help to improve upon assumed issues within a program or company. They can help potential stakeholders to consider investing in a program, as logic models clearly chart the course of a particular idea or theory. You can use a logic model template to help you prepare ...A theory of change and logic model facilitate the DDDM process in multiple ways: Identifying problems and assumptions. Both tools help stakeholders identify and reach consensus on the issues or root problems DDDM will address. They also bring to light assumptions regarding how programs, organizations, and service systems work, which … The logic model is a key tool to support this approach. Essentially, a logic model helps with evaluation by setting out the relationships and assumptions, between what a programme will do and whatintended results, which also identifies changes it expects to deliverAssessment criteria: logic model structure. Does the logic model use the Global Affairs Canada template? If yes: Is there only one outcome statement per cell/ ...A logic model is a tool that helps you plan, implement, and evaluate your volunteer program. It shows the link between your resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts. It can help you ... The logic model shows an example of how they can be used by funders to plan their activities. This example is a generic framework developed by the Robertson Trust. A project-level logic model. The following logic model shows how a fictitious project, aimed to increase young women's physical activity levels is expected to work.What is a Logic/Program Model? A logic/program model is: A diagram of theory of how the program is supposed to work A graphic depiction of the relationship between activities and results A road map to reach program goalsPublished By: Wilder Research. This example logic model provides a menu of typical inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes for community development and ...Descriptive Statistics Activity. Program Evaluation Toolkit Calculator. Program Evaluation Toolkit Calculator: User’s Guide. Inferential Statistics Activity. Qualitative Analysis Activity. Statistical Theory for the RCT-YES Software: Design-Based Causal Inference for RCTs. Evidence to Insights (e2i) Coach. describes our use of the logic model planning and assessment framework to define service outcomes – that align Library priorities to campus goals, professional trends, and long-term impact areas – and to set up an assessment for future organizational development. Approach: Logic models are visual planning and assessment diagrams that depict theA logic model is a relatively simple image that reflects how and why a program will work. Logic models are useful to program administrators who are trying to implement changes in their program. Creating logic models in a group brings the power of consensus and group examination of values and beliefs about change processes and program results. A logic model is one tool capable of doing this. More specifically, a logic model is a systematic and visual way to represent the relationship between the resources (e.g., human, financial, community) available to operate the program, the actions and activities required to implement the program, and the changes or results to be achieved ...Creating logic models in a group brings the power of consensus and group examination of values and beliefs about change processes and program results. Logic models are actionable plans, strategies or maps with clear outcomes and explicit steps for solving program problems. Below is an example of a fully developed logic model (click to enlarge).In simple terms, a logic model is a picture of your theory – a drawing that shows how one thing leads to the next, like a flow chart. A logic model uses short phrases to represent things that you explain in more detail in the program theory. Another key difference is that, while a logic model can just use an arrow A logic model is heroic for multiple reasons, but here are three of the core ones. First, it is a roadmap that helps clarify the program goal, resources, activities and pathways required to create change, thus informing program delivery and implementation.The Logic Theorist was a pioneering force in Artificial Intelligence, heuristic programming, and computer programming. While computer programming was already existing at the time the invention was made, AI and Heuristic programming were not. The logic theorist also ventured into the area of the search tree, having the root as the initial ...Logic Model. The logic model is more focused than the theory of change framework. The W.K. Kellogg Foundation defines a logic model as "a systematic and visual way to present and share your understanding of the relationships among the resources you have to operate your program, the activities you plan, and the changes or results you hope to ...A logic model (aka: programme theory/logic, theory of change) is a visual representation of how your intervention is supposed to work – and why it is a good solution to the problem at hand. While varied formats exist, most focus on a causal chain of: inputs → activities → outputs → outcomes. Logic models need a clear description of the ...start.A logic model for evaluation is like the"bookend" or mirror image of one for planningandimplementation.Theybothdisplaythesamecontent.Byusingalogic model to inform evaluation design program staff, funders, and evaluators can have a clearer picture of what their evaluation will measure and produce.Logic is the study of correct reasoning.It includes both formal and informal logic.Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences or logical truths.It studies how conclusions follow from premises due to the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic and content. Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory. A program logic is a critical element in program planning and evaluation because it sets out a graphic and easily understandable relationship between program activities and the intended outcomes of the program. A program logic is a "living document", that is, it should be reviewed regularly to see if it is still an accurate representation of ...Theory of Change, ToC, Logic model, Program logic, Programme logic, Causal model, Results chain, Intervention logic A programme theory or theory of change (TOC) explains how an evaluand (a project, a programme, a policy, a strategy) is understood to contribute to a chain of results that produce the intended or actual impacts.It requires adapting the logic model, model structure, and proof theory to suit the engineering model or task and to test that suitability empir-ically. For example, temporal logic, as used in tools built by Amazon to manage its infrastructure, also seems to have achieved this special merging of logic and engi-neering models (Newcombe et al. 2015).Logic gates are digital components that typically work two levels of voltage and determine how a component conducts electricity. Logic gates use Boolean equations and switch tables.start.A logic model for evaluation is like the"bookend" or mirror image of one for planningandimplementation.Theybothdisplaythesamecontent.Byusingalogic model to inform evaluation design program staff, funders, and evaluators can have a clearer picture of what their evaluation will measure and produce. Title: A model category for modal logic. Abstract: We define Quillen model structures on a family of presheaf toposes arising from tree unravellings of Kripke models, leading to a homotopy theory for modal logic. Modal preservation theorems and the Hennessy-Milner property are revisited from a homotopical perspective.3 Creating a logic model for implementing & evaluating evidence-based literacy practices What is a logic model? Logic models: A tool for designing and monitoring program evaluations Education Logic Model (ELM) application Completed logic model Blank logic model 4 Self-study of readiness for implementing literacy interventions Overview of the …Logical data modeling is the process of representing data architecture and organization in a graphical way without any regard to the physical implementation or the database management system technology involved in storing the data. A logical data model provides all the information about the various entities and the relationships between the ... How to create a logic model using forward logic. Forward logic uses “if-then” statements. Source: W.K. Kellogg Foundation Evaluation Handbook (2004), Adapted. Resources/ Inputs Activities Outputs Short-term Outcomes Long-term outcomes. If. changes in behavior and . If. you action are accomplish your achieved, then If. you planned . If ... Logic models are strategy and planning tools that specify the inputs, outputs, and outcomes of a program in order to clarify the reasoning behind program design ...Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics.Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory (also known as computability theory). Research in mathematical logic commonly addresses the mathematical properties of formal systems of logic such as their expressive or deductive power.The logic model is a valuable tool for program planning and development. The logic model structure helps you think through your program strategy—to help clarify where you are and where you want to be. • Program Management. Because it "connects the dots" between resources, activities, andLogic models should explain the goals and practices of an organization clearly and simply. Following a needs assessment, a logic model is a visual diagram that illustrates how your program will work to fill a community's identified needs. In simpler terms, logic models communicate an organization's projects, programs, operations, activities ...Logic models are a good tool to help focus an evaluation to determine what to measure and what areas of your program might be most in need of evaluation. You can develop a logic model which depicts how an entire program operates (i.e. global) or focuses more closely on a component or specific activity (i.e. nested). Example of Logic Model Interpretation (logic) An interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language. Many formal languages used in mathematics, logic, and theoretical computer science are defined in solely syntactic terms, and as such do not have any meaning until they are given some interpretation. The general study of interpretations of ..."A logic model is a graphic depiction (road map) that presents the shared relationships among the resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impact for your program. It depicts the relationship between your program's activities and its intended effects."A theory of change and logic model facilitate the DDDM process in multiple ways: Identifying problems and assumptions. Both tools help stakeholders identify and reach consensus on the issues or root problems DDDM will address. They also bring to light assumptions regarding how programs, organizations, and service systems work, which …A logic model is a relatively simple image that reflects how and why a program will work. Logic models are useful to program administrators who are trying to implement changes in their program. Creating logic models in a group brings the power of consensus and group examination of values and beliefs about change processes and program results.A logic model is essentially a road map or blueprint that articulates the big picture change you are trying to create. A logic model can be used as a planning document, as the basis for ongoing evaluation and learning and as a way to energize and rally support for your initiative. The key to effective logic models is remaining flexible ...In reality there is no official definition of a Theory of Change or how it differs from a Logical Framework. Both of them have the same general purpose – to describe how your program will lead to results, and to help you think critically about this. Some people even argue that a Theory of Change is essentially the same thing as a Logical ...Though logic models ideally include a section for contextual factors and assumptions, these are not detailed within each part of the model and are often left out altogether. A theory of change includes these factors, where appropriate, throughout the model. As such, a logic model is descriptive while a theory of change is explanatory.8 มี.ค. 2566 ... More people working in local government on economic growth want good quality logic models to underpin funding bids and to develop successful ...Dec 9, 2019 · While there are many forms, logic models specify relationships among program goals, objectives, activities, outputs, and outcomes. Logic models are often developed using graphics or schematics and allow the program manager or evaluator to clearly indicate the theoretical connections among program components: that is, how program activities will lead to the accomplishment of objectives, and how ... AHRC standard research grants support well-defined collaborative projects across the arts and humanities in areas covered by AHRC's remit. The full economic cost (FEC) of your project can be between £300,000 and £1.5 million. AHRC will fund 80% of the FEC. The maximum duration of this award is five years.A logic model is one tool capable of doing this. More specifically, a logic model is a systematic and visual way to represent the relationship between the resources (e.g., human, financial, community) available to operate the program, the actions and activities required to implement the program, and the changes or results to be achieved ...1 ต.ค. 2563 ... A logic model is a road map for your program. It is a series of “if-then” relationships that connect the components of a logic model. Steps to ... Many programs undergo multiple iterations before a final logic model is developed.4 Figure A is a visualization of a basic logic model adapted from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.5 Situation Statement The first step in logic model development is to identify the health issue being addressed by the program and create a fitting situation statement ...Logic models show relationships between: Resources – what you have. Activities – what you do. Outputs – what you produce. Outcomes – the results. Creating a logic model helps all involved think about what they’re doing, what they hope to achieve and what they need to do to get all the important stuff done. Logic models can also include a: What is a logic model? Logic models can assist you in program evaluation by providing a picture of how your program is intended to work. It identifies your programs main components and how they should relate to one another. Logic models include process and outcome components.A basic logic model of social work practice is shown in Figure 1. As shown in the Figure, inputs for practice may include human, financial, organisational and community resources. ... The logic model is a workhorse for the VERB campaign; it serves as an effective tool for sharing knowledge among stakeholders, creative agencies, and program staff, contributes to more effective programming, and provides conceptual structure and practical direction for VERB's evaluation.A logic model is a way of structuring thinking about policy interventions. It helps designers of policies and interventions (programmes and projects) focus on needs, how the policy or intervention aims to address these needs and what are the intended outcomes and long-term impacts.What is a logic model? Logic models can assist you in program evaluation by providing a picture of how your program is intended to work. It identifies your programs main components and how they should relate to one another. Logic models include process and outcome components. Introduction The Logic Model Development Guidecontains four chapters and two comprehensive appendices. Chapter 1presents a basic introduction to the logic model as an action-oriented tool for program planning and evaluation.It also offers an array of sample logic models. Chapter 2consists of exercises and examples focused on the development of a simple program logic• Logic models are a snapshot of what you do in your program, without much detail about WHY • Theories of change provide that context - the WHY, the research behind the logic model. 26 January 2021 UNM Evaluation Lab ECHO: Logic Models v. Theories of Change 18 What is a Logic Model? Need a logic model? I want to help you. In this video, I briefly describe the major components so that you can get started. Get your d...Taking a vacation. Logic models usually depict these mental maps in a flowchart fashion of boxes and arrows. But they do not have to be linear. You may choose to describe the components and linkages as a concept map, storyboard, or any other culturally-appropriate way. (You'll learn more about this in Section 3 of this module.) A logic model ...The logic model is a visual representation of a program that illustrates how planned activities are linked to program results. A well-constructed logic model can make it easier to plan outreach programs by helping you determine the resources and activities you need to achieve desired results. Additionally, logic models assist with structuring ...Analysis: The military logic behind Israel’s ‘total’ Gaza siege. The core purpose of sieges is to keep human beings hungry, thirsty and cold — so they are weakened, if not defeated.Logic modelling can help guide the design process, as well as evaluation. It is best done by the people who are developing and implementing a program or policy with an experienced evaluator, if possible. Ideally, a logic model is used at the start of planning a program to ensure alignment between the purpose of the program, the inputs, the ...Both logic models and impact models accomplish this, but in different ways. Both should be created collaboratively, to ensure all staff members are enrolled in defining the key components of the model. What is a logic model? It is a linear one-page document that defines a program's goals, activities, outputs, inputs, outcomes, and impact.A logic model illustrates the association between your program’s resources, activities, and intended outcomes. Logic models can: Vary in size and complexity. Focus on a specific aspect of your TB program, such as a single evaluation question or objective, or encompass the entire program. Be used to develop evaluation plans.Models ¶ A model is the ... To ensure customized delete logic gets executed, you can use pre_delete and/or post_delete signals. Unfortunately, there isn’t a workaround when creating or updating objects in bulk, since none of save(), pre_save, and post_save are called. Executing custom SQL ...30 มิ.ย. 2563 ... Logic models are widely used in evaluation to visually summarize how a program is expected to work: what resources will be used, what activities ...25 มิ.ย. 2558 ... spreading the use of logic models with its Logic. Model Development Guide (2001). • Kellogg Foundation believes that because our thinking ... Logic Models are graphic representations of how new or existing programs are supposed to operate. They can serve as frameworks for developing program plans, as ...A logic model (also called a model of change, or program framework) provides a visual representation of your program that plainly shows what you plan to achieve and how you’re going to achieve it. There are lots of different ways to structure your logic model, but they all basically do the same thing.If you are a music producer or enthusiast looking to create professional-quality tracks, you may have come across the term “Logic Pro software.” Logic Pro is a digital audio workstation developed by Apple that offers a wide range of feature... Logic models are useful tools for program planning, evaluation, and communicating a vision or idea. This technical assistance bulletin will help you understand the parts of a logic model and how to put them together to demonstrate how and why your program will achieve its goals. Theory of Change . A good logic model has a solid theory of change A logic model is a visual tool that helps you plan, implement, and evaluate a program. It shows the relationship between your program's resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts.A project logic model - A simple supervised bail logic model. The following simple logic model shows how a project aimed at improving family relationships for people on bail, improve employability and reduce reoffending is expected to work. It is based on international evidence about 'what works' to reduce reoffending and on research which ...Why use a Logic Model? 4. • Brings details to broad goals. • Helps identify gaps in logic and clarifies assumptions. • Builds ...Dec 9, 2019 · While there are many forms, logic models specify relationships among program goals, objectives, activities, outputs, and outcomes. Logic models are often developed using graphics or schematics and allow the program manager or evaluator to clearly indicate the theoretical connections among program components: that is, how program activities will lead to the accomplishment of objectives, and how ... Jan 28, 2011 · A logic model is a graphic representation of a program that shows the relationship between resources (inputs) and results (outcomes). The authors selected each item based on established criteria for high-quality logic models. The LibGuide includes materials in four categories: Logic Models for Program Planning and Implementation, Logic Models ... Logic models are program planning tools that define the inputs, outputs, outcomes of a program in order to explain the thinking behind program design and show how specific program activities lead to desired results. Inputs include the resources, contributions, and investments that go into a program; outputs are the activities, services, events and products that reach the program’s primary ... A Logic Model would tell you that the after school program is an activity and improved reading scores is an outcome. It might tell you that attendance at the after school program is an intermediate outcome.The logic model is a useful tool for planning an effective Extension program. Logic models identify program outcomes, the learning processes in which clients are to engage, and the organization of people, partners, and resources needed to deliver educational activities (Rossi, Lipsey, & Henry, 2018). ...A Logic Model is a map. Logic modeling is a way of thinking. A simple Logic Model. Some everyday examples. An expanded simple Logic Model. Example of simple Logic Model. Full Logic Model framework. Components of Logic Models – Situation. Situation – Examples.A logic model is a diagram that shows how your project or program works. It usually consists of five main components: inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts.In reality there is no official definition of a Theory of Change or how it differs from a Logical Framework. Both of them have the same general purpose – to describe how your program will lead to results, and to help you think critically about this. Some people even argue that a Theory of Change is essentially the same thing as a Logical ...Logical Process Modeling. Logical Process Modeling is the representation of a business process, detailing all the activities in the process from gathering the initial data to reaching the desired outcome. These are the. kinds of activities described in a logical process model: Gathering the data to be acted upon.5 มิ.ย. 2566 ... The Logic Model is a learning and management tool which gives a picture of how an organization does its work. It helps everyone see what works ...Logic model. Variation: Line of sight model. How to create a logic model Examples of logic models. A logic model is a map or simple illustration of what you and your organization do, why you do it, what you hope to achieve, and how you will measure achievement. Logic models illustrate how a project, program, or policy is understood or intended ...In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML …A logic model is a relatively simple image that reflects how and why a program will work. Logic models are useful to program administrators who are trying to implement changes in their program. Creating logic models in a group brings the power of consensus and group examination of values and beliefs about change processes and program results. However, second-order logic does not have a model theory in the same sense as first order logic does. There is no Compactness Theorem to produce non-standard models. One reason why first order logic has such a rich model theory is that first order logic is relatively weak. Countable first order theories that have infinite models have …Logic models are program planning tools that define the inputs, outputs, outcomes of a program in order to explain the thinking behind program design and show how specific program activities lead to desired results. Inputs include the resources, contributions, and investments that go into a program; outputs are the activities, services, events and products that reach the program's primary ...A logic model is a conceptual tool for planning and evaluation which displays the sequence of actions that describes what the science-based program is and will do. A logic model: Clarifies the linkages between investments and activities, outputs and expected outcomes of the policy, program or initiative; Communicates externally about the ... Domain logic applies to the problem domain, e.g. "order processing". Domain logic is about the entities you work with (the object model), and their relationships. Business logic contains rules specific to your context, e.g. "orders from customers of group X are to be processed using discount Y when exceeding amount Z".An example of the logic model with the arrows included is available below. As you write and revise your proposal narrative, use the logic model as a guide to organize your thinking. You may choose to have a critical friend review the grant proposal using your logic model to ensure that everything connects to what you’ve written. In its simplest form, a logic model looks like this: This graphic representation shows the logical relationships between: The resources that go into a program The activities the program undertakes. The changes or benefits that result. The logic model describes the sequence of events thought to bring about benefits or change over time.The Logic Model that you developed earlier will be a valuable tool for you now, as it’s essentially a blueprint from which to define indicators. Ask yourself, what is it that we need to learn or prove about this solution? This should inform what you decide to measure. The first set of indicators that you will define are Process Indicators , which help to answer the … An example of the logic model with the arrows included is available below. As you write and revise your proposal narrative, use the logic model as a guide to organize your thinking. You may choose to have a critical friend review the grant proposal using your logic model to ensure that everything connects to what you’ve written.In reality there is no official definition of a Theory of Change or how it differs from a Logical Framework. Both of them have the same general purpose – to describe how your program will lead to results, and to help you think critically about this. Some people even argue that a Theory of Change is essentially the same thing as a Logical ...Help us improve this page. A program theory or logic model explains how the activities of an intervention are understood to contribute to a chain of results (short-term outputs, medium-term outcomes) that produce ultimate intended or actual impacts. It can be shown in the form inputs->processes->outputs ->outcomes -> impacts but sometimes other ... The logic model is the one most frequently used in nonprofits and libraries, so we'll be focusing on it. The key to this process, no matter the model, is to think carefully about the outcomes you have specified, how those outcomes will be achieved, and how success will be measured. The logic model outlines each component of a program, service ...A logic model is a visual representation of the assumptions and theory of action that underlie the struc - ture of an education program. A program can be a strategy for instruction in a classroom, a training session for a group of teachers, a grade-level curriculum, a building-level intervention, or a district- or ...Step 4: Draft, seek feedback and revise. Once you have a draft of the logic model, have those who participated in its development, and potentially others, review the draft and provide feedback. Taking time for this step will likely result in a more refined and comprehensive model that addresses the priorities and interests of your organization ...A logic model is the first step in evaluation. It helps determine when and what to evaluate so that evaluation resources are used effectively and efficiently. Through evaluation, we test and verify the reality of the program theory - how we believe the program will work. A logic model helps us focus on appropriate process and outcome measures.Explore our trust intelligence platform pricing. Get started with the product modules you need today, and add on as your needs evolve.5. The Syllogistic. Aristotle's most famous achievement as logician is his theory of inference, traditionally called the syllogistic (though not by Aristotle). That theory is in fact the theory of inferences of a very specific sort: inferences with two premises, each of which is a categorical sentence, having exactly one term in common, and having as conclusion a categorical sentence the ...There comes a time when a proposal needs to include a logic model. Many foundations don't require one but an increasing number are asking applicants to go ...The two-generation logic model aims to show the pathways from activities to intended outcomes for a two-generation initiative, in which children, primary caregivers, and families can achieve interconnected goals. It describes the characteristics of the families served, the core services offered to each generation to support family economic ...Project results are the combination of outputs (level 1), outcomes (level 2), and impact (level 3). These levels combined will determine your overall project success. You can be successful on one level but not others. Project success and project failure are NOT absolutes. It may not be possible to be a little bit pregnant, but you can be a ...A logic model is heroic for multiple reasons, but here are three of the core ones. First, it is a roadmap that helps clarify the program goal, resources, activities and pathways required to create change, thus informing program delivery and implementation.A theory Reality An evaluation model or method It is a framework for describing the relationships between investments, activities, and results. It provides a common approach for integrating planning, implementation, evaluation and reporting. A bit of history Dates to late 1960's Current accountability demands; logic model in widespread use ...A basic logic model of social work practice is shown in Figure 1. As shown in the Figure, inputs for practice may include human, financial, organisational and community resources. ...complex logic model concepts. • Review logic models and define program outcomes to measure success. • Understand data collection and ways to utilize logic models in practice. Logic Models 102 How many of you are familiar with the Theory of Change? How many of you haveLike the conceptual model, the logical data model serves as a valuable blueprint both for designing the system and for later reference. It also provides a solid foundation for creating the actual database. Both of the first two phases of data modeling give the database designer the chance to gather the business requirements of the project.I think I get the MVC architecture over all, but there is some terminology/layers that are confusing me i.e. Model, Business Logic layer, Data Access layer and View Model. Here is my overall understanding of the MVC architecture "Please correct me if wrong" (M) Model: is an object that represent a database table. Each table in the database is a ...An Introduction to Strategic Planning 1. Part 2. Part 3. logic modeling resources strategic planning. Last week, I was working with a new client, and we were sketching out a logic model for one, among a variety, of the programs that my client operates. As we talked about the inputs, outputs, and the short-, medium-, and long-term, outcomes ...A logic model is a graphical representation of your program, from the resources (inputs) and activities that will take place, to the deliverables (outputs) and goals( outcomes) that the program will produce. Three reasons to consider …Fuzzy logic is intended to model logical reasoning with vague or imprecise statements like "Petr is young (rich, tall, hungry, etc.)". It refers to a family of many-valued logics, where the truth-values are interpreted as degrees of truth.The truth-value of a logically compound proposition, like "Carles is tall and Chris is rich", is determined by the truth-value of its components. A logic model is a visual representation of the change we hope to achieve with the resources we have and the activities we plan. They offer a simple and yet powerful way to illustrate a program or service in a way that captures all its key elements. There are several tools available to help build a logic model and while these may vary, they all ...What is a Logic/Program Model? A logic/program model is: A diagram of theory of how the program is supposed to work A graphic depiction of the relationship between activities and results A road map to reach program goals In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, and the LaTeX symbol.Logic models show relationships between: Resources – what you have. Activities – what you do. Outputs – what you produce. Outcomes – the results. Creating a logic model helps all involved think about what they’re doing, what they hope to achieve and what they need to do to get all the important stuff done. Logic models can also include a:A logic model is useful for planning, implementing and evaluating an initiative. It helps stakeholders agree on short-term as well as long-term objectives during the planning process, outline activities and actors, and establish clear criteria for evaluation during the effort. When the initiative ends, it provides a framework for assessing ...Logic Model. A Logic Model (LM) is an illustration of how a program works. It functions as a guide for the funder and is often used in writing a business ...The logit model is used to model the odds of success of an event as a function of independent variables. The following is the starting point of arriving at the logistic function which is used to model the probability of occurrence of an event. A logit function can be written as follows: logit(I) = log[P/(1-P)] = Z = b0 + b1X1 + b2X2 + ….. + bnXn A logic model is an organized and visual way to display your understanding of the relationships among the resources you have to operate your program, the activities you plan, and the changes or results you hope to achieve. Logic models are sometimes referred to as “road maps” for the organization.The logic model is a workhorse for the VERB campaign; it serves as an effective tool for sharing knowledge among stakeholders, creative agencies, and program staff, contributes to more effective programming, and provides conceptual structure and practical direction for VERB's evaluation.A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial computer that has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines, ... Safety PLCs can be either a standalone model or a safety-rated hardware and functionality added to existing controller architectures (Allen-Bradley … A logic model is one tool capable of doing this. More specifically, a logic model is a systematic and visual way to represent the relationship between the resources (e.g., human, financial, community) available to operate the program, the actions and activities required to implement the program, and the changes or results to be achieved ...21 ก.ย. 2565 ... A Logic Model is a graphical representation of your organization or program, from the resources and activities that will take place, to the ...A logic model isn't complete without inputs, activities, and outputs, but outcomes and indicators are the true meat of the figure. In a previous blog post we briefly described outcomes. Short-term outcomes produce increasing knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Assessment criteria: logic model structure. Does the logic model use the Global Affairs Canada template? If yes: Is there only one outcome statement per cell/ ...Taking a vacation. Logic models usually depict these mental maps in a flowchart fashion of boxes and arrows. But they do not have to be linear. You may choose to describe the components and linkages as a concept map, storyboard, or any other culturally-appropriate way. (You'll learn more about this in Section 3 of this module.) A logic model ...What is a Logic/Program Model? A logic/program model is: A diagram of theory of how the program is supposed to work A graphic depiction of the relationship between activities and results A road map to reach program goalsThe Logic Model is defined as a theory of change visually linking the connections between the problem, solution, activities, outputs, outcomes, and the intended ... Logic Model: A logic model is a graphical depiction of processes used to communicate and describe a program's underlying theory, assumptions or reasoning related to specific and expected activity results or solutions. A logic model is graphically depicted through a narrative, diagram, flow sheet or other similar schema that illustrates a ...Logic & assumptions. Evaluation of an adaptation activity requires a clear idea of what particular actions are expected to achieve. An effective evaluation needs to examine the thinking behind these objectives, and to look beyond them to capture any unexpected and unintended outcomes. A logic model is a graphical description of a planned ...What is a Logic Model? A logic model is: am of theory of how the A diagr program is supposed to work A graphic depiction of the relationship between activities and results A road map to reach program goals . Why use it? Program Stages Benefits of the logic model . Planning &Logic models are program planning tools that define the inputs, outputs, outcomes of a program in order to explain the thinking behind program design and show how specific program activities lead to desired results. Inputs include the resources, contributions, and investments that go into a program; outputs are the activities, services, events and products that reach the program’s primary ...In some logic models, you will see activities separated from outputs; activities may be displayed before outputs. In those models, outputs are typically designated as the accomplishment or product of the activity… for example, the number of workshops actually delivered or number of individuals who heard the media message.May 2, 2017 · Logic Model: A logic model is a graphical depiction of processes used to communicate and describe a program's underlying theory, assumptions or reasoning related to specific and expected activity results or solutions. A logic model is graphically depicted through a narrative, diagram, flow sheet or other similar schema that illustrates a ... dating back to Aristotle, was to model reasoning. In more recent times, this algebra, like many algebras, has proved useful as a design tool. For example, Chapter 13 shows how propositional logic can be used in computer circuit design. A third use of logic is as a data model for programming languages and systems, such as the language Prolog.The following 5 steps, adapted and summarized from The Logic Model Guidebook, are to help you start building a program logic model. It is important to remember to think "if-then" at each step to connect the different elements of a logic model together; and be aware of your own and your team's assumptions at each step.• Describe what a logic model is, and how it can be useful to your daily program operations • Identify the key components of a logic model • Develop a logic model for your program • And use a logic model for evaluation planning This presentation will cover the following: • A program’s theory of change and a program logic modelProvide an explanation of the components of logic models. ○ Provide an example illustrating what a logic model is and how it can be used to evaluate adult.Distribute the Logic Model widely so everyone involved (staff at all levels, funders, program/project users and other stakeholders) has a clear picture of what is intended. Have a copy of the Logic Model "front and center" during every step of design, development, implementation, and evaluation.We’ve provided a logic model template, as well as explanations and examples showing how to create one. You can access these via the resource links on the right. Recommended Actions 1. Use the Logic …A logic model is a graphic depiction (road map) that presents the shared relationships among the resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impact for your program. It depicts the relationship between your program’s activities and its intended effects.What is a logic model? Logic models can assist you in program evaluation by providing a picture of how your program is intended to work. It identifies your programs main components and how they should relate to one another. Logic models include process and outcome components.A logic model is a conceptual tool for planning and evaluation which displays the sequence of actions that describes what the science-based program is and will do. A logic model: Clarifies the linkages between investments and activities, outputs and expected outcomes of the policy, program or initiative; Communicates externally about the ... complex logic model concepts. • Review logic models and define program outcomes to measure success. • Understand data collection and ways to utilize logic models in practice. Logic Models 102 How many of you are familiar with the Theory of Change? How many of you have The form that a logic model takes is flexible and does not have to be linear (unless your program's logic is itself linear). Flow charts, maps, or tables are the most common formats. It is also possible to use a network, concept map, or web to describe the relationships among more complex program components. Creating logic models in a group brings the power of consensus and group examination of values and beliefs about change processes and program results. Logic models are actionable plans, strategies or maps with clear outcomes and explicit steps for solving program problems. Below is an example of a fully developed logic model (click to enlarge). Logic model – A planning and evaluation tool . December 2016 . Introduction A logic model is a visual illustration of a program’s resources, activities and expected outcomes. 1,2 It is a tool used to simplify complex relationships between various components and can be used during program planning, implementation and evaluation. 3,4Logic Pro X is a powerful and highly regarded digital audio workstation (DAW) that has gained popularity among music producers, composers, and audio engineers. It is known for its extensive range of features and tools that enable users to c...Fuzzy String Matching Using Python. Introducing Fuzzywuzzy: Fuzzywuzzy is a python library that is used for fuzzy string matching. The basic comparison metric used by the Fuzzywuzzy library is the Levenshtein distance. Using this basic metric, Fuzzywuzzy provides various APIs that can be directly used for fuzzy matching.An Introduction to Strategic Planning 1. Part 2. Part 3. logic modeling resources strategic planning. Last week, I was working with a new client, and we were sketching out a logic model for one, among a variety, of the programs that my client operates. As we talked about the inputs, outputs, and the short-, medium-, and long-term, outcomes ...A logic model is a visual representation of the relationships among the inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes of a program or intervention. It can be used to guide evaluation planning, implementation, and reporting by providing a framework for understanding the logic behind the program and how it is expected to produce results.Logic models are a good tool to help focus an evaluation to determine what to measure and what areas of your program might be most in need of evaluation. You can develop a logic model which depicts how an entire program operates (i.e. global) or focuses more closely on a component or specific activity (i.e. nested). Example of Logic ModelIn the world of program evaluation and impact assessment, a logic model is an essential tool for understanding, planning and communicating… 5 min read · Aug 2 Ecotone Analytics GBC30 มิ.ย. 2563 ... Logic models are widely used in evaluation to visually summarize how a program is expected to work: what resources will be used, what activities ...A logic model is a visual representation of the assumptions and theory of action that underlie the struc - ture of an education program. A program can be a strategy for instruction in a classroom, a training session for a group of teachers, a grade-level curriculum, a building-level intervention, or a district- or statewide initiative.A logic model is one tool capable of doing this. More specifically, a logic model is a systematic and visual way to represent the relationship between the resources (e.g., human, financial, community) available to operate the program, the actions and activities required to implement the program, and the changes or results to be achieved ... Sample Logic Model & Work Plan OVC Attachment 1: Sample Logic Model & Instructions A logic model is a visual way to demonstrate your understanding of the relationships among the resources you have to operate your OVC project, the activities you plan, and the results (short-term and long-term) you plan to achieve. The logic model should be ...The logic model was developed to help with planning a mental health intervention for youth ages 10-14 in the Burj El Barajneh Palestinian refugee camp. The initiative the logic model was being created for—Qaderoon (Arabic for 'we are capable')—aimed to develop a year-long social skills building intervention in order to promote positive ...2 พ.ค. 2560 ... A logic model is a graphical depiction of processes used to communicate and describe a program's underlying theory, assumptions or reasoning ...Models ¶ A model is the ... To ensure customized delete logic gets executed, you can use pre_delete and/or post_delete signals. Unfortunately, there isn’t a workaround when creating or updating objects in bulk, since none of save(), pre_save, and post_save are called. Executing custom SQL ...A logic model is probably best described using a picture such as used in the 2004 Kellogg report and shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. The basic logic model (Kellogg, p. 1) The basic elements of a logic model include the following: Impacts—Normally shown at the right side of the model, the impacts are the long-term effects of the program. These ...logic model is a graphic illustration of the relationship between a program’s resources, activities, and its intended effects. Logic models clearly and concisely show how interventions affect behavior and achieve a goal.Mathematical logic takes the concepts of formal logic and symbolic logic and applies mathematical thinking to them. Mathematical logic is often used in proof theory, set theory, model theory, and ...Logic models allow systematic thinking about programmes and projects and the hoped for changes resulting from them. Our new guide, Using logic models, is aimed at people working in local economic growth and complements our training. It provides advice and step-by-step guidance on developing a good logic model for a policy, programme or project. It requires adapting the logic model, model structure, and proof theory to suit the engineering model or task and to test that suitability empir-ically. For example, temporal logic, as used in tools built by Amazon to manage its infrastructure, also seems to have achieved this special merging of logic and engi-neering models (Newcombe et al. 2015).Azure Logic Apps is a cloud platform where you can create and run automated workflows with little to no code. By using the visual designer and selecting from prebuilt operations, you can quickly build a workflow that integrates and manages your apps, data, services, and systems. Azure Logic Apps simplifies the way that you connect legacy ...Features and problems of logic. Three areas of general concern are the following. Logical semantics. For the purpose of clarifying logical truth and hence the concept of logic itself, a tool that has turned out to be more important than the idea of logical form is logical semantics, sometimes also known as model theory.By this is meant a study of the …Logic is the study of correct reasoning.It includes both formal and informal logic.Formal logic is the science of deductively valid inferences or logical truths.It studies how conclusions follow from premises due to the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic and content. Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory.A logic model can show evaluators and stakeholders at a glance what activities the intervention is providing and what the intervention intends to achieve, emphasizing the link between the two. A collaborative approach in which evaluators and implementers jointly develop a logic model is often quite useful, and sometimesA logic model is a powerful organizing tool for a program or project. You can think of a logic model as a visual representation of your program theory. A logic model: Tells the story of why and how your program works. Displays program elements and their relationships with short, intermediate, and long-term outcomes. Connecting the logic model components. Logic models show the connections linking a program’s resources, activities, outputs, and outcomes (figure 1). These connections depict how the program is expected to operate—how each component will influence another to attain the intended outcomes. The connections can guide your program from start A logical data model is like a graphical representation of the information requirements of a business area. It is not a database or database management system itself. A logical data model is independent of any physical data storage device, such as a file system. A logical data model must be designed to be independent of technology, so as not to ...A logic model is a graphic which represents the theory of how an intervention produces its outcomes. It represents, in a simplified way, a hypothesis or ‘theory of change’ about how an ... A logical data model provides all the information about the various entities and the relationships between the ..Logic models are useful to program administrators who are trying to implement changes in their programA program logic is a "living document", that is, it should be reviewed regularly to see if it is still an accurate representation of ...Theory of Change, ToC, Logic model, Program logic, Programme logic, Causal model, Results chain, Intervention logic A programme theory or theory of change (TOC) explains how an evaluand (a project, a programme, a policy, a strategy) is understood to contribute to a chain of results that produce the intended or actual impacts.It requires adapting the logic model, model structure, and proof theory to suit the engineering model or task and to test that suitability empir-icallyCreating a logic model can take place in two directions: From the impacts (results) to the inputs (resources used) and From the inputs (resources used) to the impacts (results).A logic model presents a picture of how your intervention or initiative is supposed to work• Understand data collection and ways to utilize logic models in practiceIt may not be possible to be a little bit pregnant, but you can be a ...A logic model is heroic for multiple reasons, but here are three of the core onesChapter 1presents a basic introduction to the logic model as an action-oriented tool for program planning and evaluation.It also offers an array of sample logic modelsA logic model: Tells the story of why and how your program worksChapter 2consists of exercises and examples focused on the development of a simple program logic• Logic models are a snapshot of what you do in your program, without much detail about WHY • Theories of change provide that context - the WHY, the research behind the logic modelA program theory or logic model explains how the activities of an intervention are understood to contribute to a chain of results (short-term outputs, medium-term outcomes) that produce ultimate intended or actual impactsLast week, I was working with a new client, and we were sketching out a logic model for one, among a variety, of the programs that my client operateslogic modeling resources strategic planningForward logic uses “if-then” statementsThe initiative the logic model was being created for—Qaderoon (Arabic for 'we are capable')—aimed to develop a year-long social skills building intervention in order to promote positive ...2 พ.คMore specifically, a logic model is a systematic and visual way to represent the relationship between the resources (e.g., human, financial, community) available to operate the program, the actions and activities required to implement the program, and the changes or results to be achieved ...Creating logic models in a group brings the power of consensus and group examination of values and beliefs about change processes and program resultsInputs Activities Outputs Outcomes/ Impacts If Then Synonyms: Program(me) theory, Program(me) logic, Causal model, Results chain, Intervention logic, Theory of Change, Road map /Key Components of a Logic ModelThe first set of indicators that you will define are Process Indicators , which help to answer the … An example of the logic model with the arrows included is available belowSafety PLCs can be either a standalone model or a safety-rated hardware and functionality added to existing controller architectures (Allen-Bradley … A logic model is one tool capable of doing this